By Daoud Kuttab

Since the Palestinians have agreed to reconcile and create a national unity government until elections can take place, the debate now focuses on one simple question: Do the conditions imposed on Hamas by the Middle East Quartet apply to any future Palestinian government as a whole or do they apply to every individual member of the government?

The reconciliation agreement signed on April 23 by the Palestine Liberation Organization and Hamas calls for creating a national unity government consisting of technocrats. The agreement, which implemented the previous Cairo and Doha agreements, suggests that President Mahmoud Abbas act as prime minister until elections are held. One popularly discussed idea is that the Palestinian prime minister have two deputies, one in the West Bank (perhaps the politician Rami Hamdallah) and one in Gaza (most likely Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh).

Israel and its supporters in the United States are screaming in opposition to a process that has the support of nearly all Palestinians, as well as most of the international community. Once again, only some in the US government and Israel oppose a move that is in the common interest of the Palestinian people. The absence of any control by the Ramallah government over Gaza has often been framed as a Palestinian problem. The Israelis and their supporters have regularly questioned whether any agreement signed by Abbas and his team would be implemented in Gaza. Now that the question can be answered in the affirmative, the Israelis are complaining about it.

The new government headed by Abbas would certainly meet the Quartet’s conditions. Abbas recognizes Israel, although he has balked at Netanyahu’s new condition of recognizing it as a Jewish state. He also accepts all previous agreements and renounces violence. The question, however, is whether every member of the government will have to meet these criteria, which are not imposed upon any other government.

Ramallah-based officials point to Lebanon as an example of where no such test is applied to individual members of the government. While the United States and other foreign governments consider Hezbollah a terrorist organization, they do not insist that the Lebanese government exclude Hezbollah’s participation in the cabinet. US officials have met with and have had regular relations with a number of successive Lebanese governments that have had Hezbollah ministers. In February, Secretary of State John Kerry welcomed a new Lebanese government that included members of Hezbollah. It is true that US officials have not met with these cabinet members, but Hezbollah has not had to make any declarations appeasing Western countries to participate in the government.

Palestinian leaders note that the latest reconciliation effort has received wide support not only from the Palestinian people, but also from United Nations, Russian and European Union officials. The United States will find itself isolated if it tries to enforce a boycott of the new Palestinian unity government.

While the White House and State Department might agree to go along with their Russian and EU allies within the Quartet, Israel’s supporters in Congress have already made a fuss about any new Palestinian government that includes members of Hamas and will likely try to block funds to the Palestinians.

The most prominent pro-Israel lobby — the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) — has already begun a campaign to discredit the Palestinian reconciliation and throw into question the possibility of the new government receiving a single US dime. Past experience has shown that drastic decisions to cut off aid only encourage parties to seek alternative funding. Therefore, any cut in aid to the Palestinians may result in the long run in a loss of leverage on the part of the US government.

When the new unity government is established, it will issue a statement clarifying its program and policies. There is no doubt that a Palestinian unity government headed by Abbas or someone from his faction will adhere to these international conditions. The question that remains to be answered is whether a clear and unambiguous government policy statement will suffice or if we will witness a return to the dark days of 2006 and 2007, when the United States pressed the international community into enforcing unjust sanctions against an elected Palestinian government because of Israeli dictates.

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